定语从句和同位语从句的区别

　　1、同位语

　　Mr. Smith，our new teacher，is very kind to us.

　　Yesterday I met Tom，a friend of my brother's.

　　同位语就是解释前面的名词，等号成立！一定会告诉你前面名词的内容

　　2、同位语从句

　　My grandfather told me a well-know saying that we learn for the rise of China.

　　saying=we learn for the rise of China

　　We all know the terrible news that the terrorists attacked France

　　news=the terrorists attacked France

　　同位语从句就是用一个叫句子补充说明与其同位的名词，如：conclusion/decision/idea/problem

　　3、理解PK

　　The news that I heard yesterday is true.

　　A B C

　　The news that our team has won the match is true.

　　A B C

　　1.同位语：补充说明解释 —— 定语：修辞装饰修饰

　　修饰名词的成分：同位语（从句） >定语（限制性定语从句 ) >非限制性定语从句

　　对人体起作用的程度： 大脑心脏> 眼睛耳朵 > 皮毛

　　定语一定不会告诉你先行词是什么，同位语一定会告诉你名词是什么！

　　4.翻译：The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.

　　The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago.

　　特别注意

　　1.as用于限制性定语从句时，先行词前面必须被such/so/as/the same所修饰才行。

　　I bought the same car as you bought last week.

　　2.定从的世界里没有what和how！

　　whose：“ta的”/“ta们的”

　　例：

　　【2013福建】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.

　　whose B. that C. who D. which

　　【2005天津】Last month， part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods， from ______ effects the people are still suffering.

　　that B. whose C. those D. what

　　【2006福建】Look out! Don't get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.

　　whose B. which C. of which D. that

　　【2009天津】A person ______ e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.

　　who B. whom

　　whose D. whoever

　　as：“正如”

　　【2004北京】______ is reported in the newspapers， talks between the two countries are making progress.

　　It B. As C.That D. What

　　【2004江苏】______ is often the case， we have worked out the production plan.

　　Which When C. What D. As

　　As is known to all，…正如我们都知道的，…

　　As has been said before，…正如先前说过的，…

　　As is shown in the picture，…正如图画中展示的那样

　　As often happens，…正如经常发生的，…

　　注： as的“先行词”是整个主句

　　as从句中常用被动

　　as引导的定从可置于主句之前

　　3.which：“这件事”

　　【2013天津】 We have launched another man-made satellite， ______is announced in today's newspaper.

　　that B. which C. who D. what

　　【2005浙江】Jim passed the driving test， ______ surprised everybody in the office.

　　which B. that C. this D. it

　　注：which的“先行词”也可以是整个主句

　　【2007浙江】Chan's restaurant on Baker Street， ______ used to be poorly run， is now a successful one.

　　that B. which C. who D. where

　　【2011浙江】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， each of ______ uses it differently.

　　which B. what C. them D. those

　　注：which的“先行词”也可以是某个名词

　　that：“人物绝不避人物”

　　人：that可以指代人

　　物：that可以指代物

　　绝：当先行词表“绝对”意义时，用that

　　不：当先行词是“不定代词”时，用that

　　避：如果句子里已经用了who/which，为避免重复，可以用that

　　人物：当先行词“即有人又有物”时，用that

　　不能用that的情况

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